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Introduction
Plant Data
Electrolyte Properties
Concentration Converter
Cell Voltage
Alumina Feeding
Anode Table Layout
Table of Contents
Introduction
How to Use AlPrg
Plant Data
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Electrolyte Properties
Cell Voltage
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Introduction
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Table of Contents
Principles Hall-Héroult
Mass Balance
Electrolyte Properties
Cell Voltage
Energy Balance
Current Efficiency
Raw Materials
Cell Operation
Measurements
Environment, Emissions
Examples, Exercises
Literature
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Name Index
Subject Index
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Basic Features
1. Principles of the Hall-Héroult Process
1.1 Summary
1.2 Aluminum a Noble Metal
1.3 Production by Electrolysis
1.4 Industrial Production of Aluminum
2. Mass Balance
2.1 Summary
2.2 Principal Equation
2.3 Theoretical Production and Consumption
2.4 Reoxidation of Aluminum
2.5 Electrolytic Production and Consumption
2.6 Specific Electrolytic Productions and Consumptions
2.7 Ideal Gas
2.8 Electrolytic Volume Production
2.9 Pearson Waddington Equation
2.10 Operating Figures
2.11 Examples and Exercises
3. Properties of the Electrolyte
3.1 Summary
3.2 Composition of the Electrolyte
3.3 Systems NaCry - AlF
3
and NaF - AlF
3
3.4 Elements
3.5 Liquidus Temperature
3.6 Electrical Conductivity
3.7 Density
3.8 Alumina Solubility
3.9 Viscosity
3.10 Surface Properties
3.11 Vapor Pressure
3.12 Examples and Exercises
4. Cell Voltage
4.1 Summary and Overview
4.2 Components of the Cell Voltage
4.3 Components of Bath Voltage
4.4 Reversible Decomposition Voltage
4.5 Omic Bath Voltage
4.6 Bubble Voltage Drop
4.7 Overvoltages
4.8 Anode Effect
4.9 Example and Exercises
5. Energy Balance
5.1 Summary
5.2 Energy Requirements
5.3 Enthalpies
5.4 Heat Loss
6. Current Efficiency
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reason of Current Efficiency Reduction
6.3 Mechanism of Metal Reoxidation
6.4 Determination of Current Efficiency
Advanced Features
7. Raw Materials
8. Cell Operation
9. Measurements
10. Environment Emissions
10.1. General
10.2. Greenhouse Effect
10.3. Aluminum Smelting Greenhouse Gases
10.4. Carbon Footprint
Examples and Exercises
Literature
Home
AlWeb
Table of Contents
Introduction
Plant Data
Electrolyte Properties
Concentration Converter
Cell Voltage
Alumina Feeding
Anode Table Layout
AlPrg
Table of Contents
Introduction
How to Use AlPrg
Plant Data
Alumina Feeding
Electrolyte Properties
Cell Voltage
ATab
Table of Contents
Introduction
ATab Version 2
Layout-View
Evaluation-View
3D-View
Floating Windows
Optimization Window
Examples
Downloads
Theory
Table of Contents
Principles Hall-Héroult
Mass Balance
Electrolyte Properties
Cell Voltage
Energy Balance
Advanced Features
Current Efficiency
Raw Materials
Cell Operation
Measurements
Environment, Emissions
Examples, Exercises
Literature
Info
News and Events
Name Index
Subject Index
Site Map
Recreation