• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Plant Data
• Electrolyte Properties
• Concentration Converter
• Cell Voltage
• Anode Table Layout
• Alumina Feeding

• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• How to Use AlPrg
• Plant Data
• Alumina Feeding
• Electrolyte Properties
• Cell Voltage

• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• ATab Version 2
• Layout-View
• Evaluation-View
• 3D-View
• Floating Windows
• Optimization Window
• Examples
• Downloads

• Table of Contents
• Principles Hall-Héroult
• Mass Balance
• Electrolyte Properties
• Cell Voltage
• Energy Balance

• Current Efficiency

• Raw Materials

• Cell Operation

• Measurements

• Environment, Emissions
• Examples, Exercises
• Literature

• News and Events
• Name Index
• Subject Index
• Sitemap
• Recreation

4.9 Examples and Exercises

Example 4.1: Haupin Fanning Factor .

Warren Haupin published 1998 [Lit.] a paper that contains an estimation of the anodic fanning factor i.e. the electrolytic active anode surface. Warren Haupin distributed also an Excel spreadsheet with an example of the calculation of the fanning factor. Example 4.1 reproduces these calculation. Input values:
Current intensity I_ref = 300 kA,
Anode cathode distance: ACD = 4.3 cm,
New anodes: n = 36, l_A = 140 cm, w_A = 79 cm,
Anode butts: l_B = 132 cm, w_B = 73.5 cm,
Distances between new anodes l_AA = 5 cm, between new anodes at center l_AC = 25 cm,
Distances new anodes to side ledge long side l_SLL = 15 cm, new anodes to side ledge short side l_SLS = 15 cm,
Anode immersion depth into bath δ_A = 5 cm.

Example 4.2: Haupin Cell Voltage Calculations .

At the same occasion Warren Haupin distributed another Excel spreadsheet with calculation of the cell voltage in dependence of the current density. Example 4.2 reproduces these calculation. Input values:
New anodes: n = 36, l_A = 1400 mm, w_A = 610 mm, (effective anode anode area: 8540 cm² on the Excel sheet),
Final anode baking temperature: 1200 °C, Current intensity I_ref = 307.440 kA (creates a anodic current density j_A = 1.0 A/cm²),
Anode cathode distance: ACD = 4.2 cm,
Anode, cathode, external voltage drop: 0.815 V,
Bath composition: AlF₃ = 10.0 %, CaF₂ = 6.5 %, Al₂O₃ = 3.0 %, Al₂O₃(AE) = 1.8 %, MgF₂ = 0.3 %,
Bath temperature: T_B = 969.4 °C (T_L = 959.4 °C Solheim 1995, ΔT = 10.0 °C),